Power Base

1. Electricity link

Electricity is an energy source powered by electrical energy. It is a power production and consumption system composed of power generation, power transmission, power transformation, power distribution and power consumption.

Simply put, electricity is the conversion of primary energy in nature into electricity through mechanical energy devices, and then supplies electricity to various users through power transmission, transformation and distribution.

Power generation:

That is, the use of power generation power plant to convert water energy, thermal energy of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.), nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy, etc. into electrical energy.

Transmission:

Transmission of electrical energy. Through power transmission, power plants and load centers that are far apart (up to thousands of kilometers) are connected, so that the development and utilization of electric energy transcends geographical restrictions.

Substation:

The process of transferring electric energy through a transformer is called substation, which can be step-up, such as from 6.3kV to 110kV in a power plant, or step-down, such as from substation to distribution, from 110kV to 10kV.

power distribution:

It is a link in the power system that is directly connected to users and distributes electric energy to users. Some of them are calculated from 10kV in substations to 380V in transformers. Then 380V to the meter is considered marketing, and some are connected to the meter (except the meter itself) as distribution.

Electricity:

The act of using electrical energy for a predetermined purpose. Everything below the meter is considered user.

2. Power business

From source to terminal, from core to auxiliary, the business of electric power will become more and more divided as the management is refined, but the core is the following five items. All businesses including the core, we will expand them one by one in the Tutu official account:

Construction:

The infrastructure business of electric power ranges from the construction of power plants and substations to the expansion of residential businesses and the laying of cable trenches, which is equivalent to building houses in real estate.

Equipment operation and maintenance:

Regular/irregular inspection, inspection, repair, replacement and other equipment maintenance work for equipment is the biggest job of the power grid company.

Load scheduling:

In order to obtain the greatest comprehensive economic benefits of the society, while the power system is reasonably dispatched and the power generation output of the power plant is adjusted in a timely manner, users must also be organized to adjust the power load, reduce the power consumption of the power system during peak hours, and increase the power consumption of the power system during trough periods . The use of electric load curve tends to be stable.

Customer Marketing:

Connect with electricity customers (including enterprises and residents), handle electricity business, collect electricity bills, handle complaints, and now there are emerging comprehensive energy services such as energy saving, agent maintenance, and power replacement.

Safety Supervision:

As an invisible invisible killer, electricity safety supervision is also an important task of electricity.

3. Power equipment

Primary equipment refers to high-voltage electrical equipment directly used in the production process of producing, transmitting and distributing electrical energy. It includes generators, transformers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, automatic switches, contactors, knife switches, busbars, transmission lines, power cables, reactors, motors, etc.

The electrical equipment that is connected to each other by primary equipment to form power generation, transmission, distribution or other production processes is called primary equipment.

Secondary equipment refers to the low-voltage electrical equipment required to monitor, control, adjust, protect the work of primary equipment, and provide operating conditions or production command signals for operation and maintenance personnel. Such as fuses, control switches, energy meters, relays, control cables, etc.

The electrical equipment that is connected to each other by secondary equipment to monitor, control, regulate and protect primary equipment is called secondary equipment.

4. Power companies

Enterprises in my country's power system include: two major national grids, two major EPC units, power generation groups (five large + four small + local), and equipment manufacturing groups. in:

1) Two major national grids: State Grid and China Southern Power Grid;

2) Two major EPC units: China Power Construction and China Energy Construction;

3) Power generation groups: New Big Five (State Energy Investment, State Power Investment, Huaneng, Datang, Huadian), Four Small (State Investment Power, Three Gorges, China General Nuclear Power, China Resources), local companies (Zheneng, Jingneng, Shenneng, Luneng etc);

4) Equipment manufacturing groups: Shanghai Electric, Dongfang Electric, Harbin Electric.

5. Electric power informatization and new technology application

Informatization is an integral part of the power business. In terms of programs, it can be regarded as a "section". Now it should be said that all power services are related to informatization, which has been introduced in detail in the State Grid informatization, especially the "business" chapter. To recap here:

5.1 Core business platform

The system that will be paralyzed when the system stops business is mainly the four major systems of load dispatching control system, equipment production management system, customer management system, and engineering construction system (barely counting).

5.2 Secondary business platform

The important system of electric power is secondary to the core system. In theory, the functions can also be realized by the core system, such as production risk management system, planning system, various business middle stations, automation system, and measurement system.

5.3 Basic support platform

It is not a business system but a support system. Of course, the paralysis will also cause the main system to be paralyzed, but it does not directly affect the business. There are data centers, GIS platforms, cloud resource platforms, IoT management platforms, and system monitoring systems (IMS).